Devrik şart cümleleri (Had I known…, Should you…)

Kurallar

• Kural 1: Should + özne + yalın fiil (1. tip)

  If + geniş zaman yerine Should + özne + yalın fiil kullanırız. Olasılığın biraz daha düşük olduğunu ima eder: “olur da …-rsa”. Ana cümlede will, emir cümlesi ya da please gelir.

  Kalıp: Should + özne + yalın fiil, … will / emir

  Örnek: Should the bell ring early, finish your sentence and pack up. (Olur da zil erken çalarsa cümleni bitir ve toparlan.)

  Örnek: Should you find my wallet, I will give you a reward. (Olur da cüzdanımı bulursanız size ödül vereceğim.)

• Kural 2: Were + özne … (2. tip)

  If + geçmiş zaman yerine Were + özne kullanırız. be fiiliyle doğrudan: Were I rich …. Başka fiillerle Were + özne + to + fiil: Were she to win …. Ana cümlede would + fiil.

  Kalıp: Were + özne + sıfat / isim · Were + özne + to + fiil, … would + fiil

  Örnek: Were the library bigger, we could hold the book fair there. (Kütüphane daha büyük olsaydı kitap fuarını orada yapabilirdik.)

  Örnek: Were our class to win the prize, we would spend it on a trip. (Sınıfımız ödülü kazanacak olsaydı onu bir geziye harcardık.)

• Kural 3: Had + özne + V3 (3. tip)

  If + had + V3 yerine Had + özne + V3 kullanırız. Ana cümle would have + V3 (karma koşulda would + fiil de olabilir).

  Kalıp: Had + özne + V3, … would have + V3

  Örnek: Had we checked the weather, we wouldn't have gone sailing. (Hava durumuna baksaydık yelkenle açılmazdık.)

  Örnek: Had the inventor given up, we wouldn't have this machine today. (Mucit pes etseydi bugün bu makineye sahip olmazdık.)

• Kural 4: Olumsuz: not özneden sonra

  Devrik şart cümlesinde kısaltma yapılmaz. not öznenin arkasına gelir: Had I not …, Should you not …, Were it not …. ~~Hadn't I~~, ~~Shouldn't you~~ yanlıştır. Kalıplaşmış iki ifade: Were it not for + isim (şimdi: “… olmasaydı”) ve Had it not been for + isim (geçmiş: “… olmasaydı”).

  Kalıp: Had / Should / Were + özne + not … · Were it not for / Had it not been for + isim

  Örnek: Had she not warned us, we would have taken the wrong path. (Bizi uyarmasaydı yanlış patikaya girerdik.)

  Örnek: Had it not been for our guide, we would never have found the waterfall. (Rehberimiz olmasaydı şelaleyi asla bulamazdık.)

Sık yapılan hatalar

• Hadn't I seen it, I wouldn't have believed it. → Had I not seen it, I wouldn't have believed it.

  Devrik şartta kısaltma yok; not özneden sonra.

• If had I known, I would have come. → Had I known, I would have come.

  Devrik yapıda if tamamen düşer.

• Were I win the science prize, I would buy a telescope. → Were I to win the science prize, I would buy a telescope.

  Were + özne + to + fiil.